From Seed to Seed: A Pictorial Story Showing How a Bean Plant Grows: Part 1 The Developing Bean Plant Glossary

abaxial

facing away from axis (stem), typically the lower surface of leaves

abscise

natural separation of plant structures such as leaves or petals

adaxial

facing towards axis (stem), typically the upper surface of leaves

anther

the terminal structure of a stamen where the pollen develops

apical meristems

areas of rapid cell division found at the ends of shoots or roots

Axil

the angle between a leaf and stem, an area not a structure

Axillary bud

actively growing or dormant bud found in an axil, may be vegetative or floral

banner

the upper petal of a bean flower

carpel

in beans, a single chamber that makes up the pistil

cell wall

the structure that surrounds plant cells made up of primarily cellulose, providing structural support and protection

chloroplasts

the green organelles responsible for photosynthesis

complex tissue

a tissue made up of more than one cell type

compound leaf

a fully divided leaf, each division is a leaflet

cortex

ground tissue found in stems between the epidermis and vascular bundles

Cotyledon

a very modified leaf that stores energy for the developing embryonic plant

dermal tissue

thin-walled cells that surround all plant parts, most commonly the epidermis

Epicotyl

the region above the cotyledons and below the first true leaves

epidermis

the outer cells of plant organs

fibers

long and strong cells that have thick hard walls for support

filament

the structure that holds the anther up, a subunit of a stamen

Floral anthesis

the opening of a flower when it is mature

flower

The reproductive organ in plants

fruit

the mature ovary with seeds inside

ground tissue

one of the three tissue systems in plants, often storage cells or photosynthetic cells, in older organs, may have fibers

Hilum

the attachment point between the ovary and the seed, on mature seeds, it is often a different color than the seed coat

Hypocotyl

the area between the cotyledons and the root

keel

the two lower petals of a bean flower that look like a boat keel together

lateral meristems

areas of rapid cell division that add width to stems or roots

leaf

flattened plant organ responsible for a majority of photosynthesis

leaflet

in beans, each leaf is divided into three leaflets except for the first leaves that grow after the cotyledons, which have only one

legume

a member of the bean family of plants

Macrosclereids

thick-walled cells found often in the seed coat of plants; they are elongated in shape

organs

plants consist of five diverse structures; these are the leaves, stems, roots, flowers and fruits

ovary

the basal portion of a pistil which holds the ovules which will become the bean fruit

ovule

the structure that holds the egg and becomes the seed and includes the seed coat

parenchyma

thin-walled cells that are alive and serve many functions such as photosynthesis or storage

Perlite

a low-density product made from volcanic glass; water adheres to its surface but is not absorbed

petal
a flattened flower structure that is often not green, in beans they are often white or pink
phloem

one of the two vascular tissues; responsible for the movement of sugars from where they're made to where they're needed or stored

pistil

the central structure in a flower that is made up of a stigma, style, and ovary

pith

the central group of cells in stems that act as filler; composed of living parenchyma cells

pollen

the structure that holds sperm for reproduction, often too small to see without a microscope

Radicle

the embryonic root inside of the seed

root

the plant organ that absorbs water and nutrients for the other organs

root apical meristem

the growing tip of a root

root hairs

thin-walled epidermal cells that increase the surface area of a root; they aid in absorption of water and minerals

Scanning electron microscope

an instrument that uses a beam of electrons to scan over the surface of a sample. This allows for high magnification and depth

sclereids

thick-walled cells that are dead at maturity, most often for protection from being eaten

sclerenchyma

thick-walled, long cells that are dead at maturity

seed

the embryonic plant, cotyledons, and seed coat

Seed coat

the outermost cells that protect the embryo and cotyledons 

seed pod

a bean fruit

senesce

the natural process of dying that occurs in many places in the plant during development

sepal

a small leaflike structure at the base of a flower

shoot apical meristem

the growing tip of a stem

simple tissue

a tissue that is made up of one cell type providing the same function

stamen

the structure that consists of an anther and filament

starch grains

small units of stored complex sugars within cells

stem

the organ that supports the leaves, flowers and fruits, and moves materials between organs

stigma

the terminal end of a pistil where pollen must land for pollination

style

the column-like area between the stigma and ovary of a pistil

tracheary elements

non-living cells in the xylem that conduct water and dissolved minerals

tracheids

narrow, non-living tracheary elements

trichome

sometimes called hairs, these grow from the epidermis and can be diverse in shape and function

trifoliate leaf

a leaf that is dissected into three parts

Unifoliate leaves

a leaf that technically is divided into only one part, technically called a leaflet

vascular bundle

the veins of a plant that are made up of xylem and phloem

vessels

wide tracheary elements (non-living)

xylem

one of the two vascular tissues, responsible for the movement of water and dissolved minerals

ยต

the Greek letter mu is used as a label representing one millionth in the metric system,  μm is then one-millionth of a meter and called a micrometer or micron