Index of Images

This is an index of all the images in Part 1 except for the cover image and the General Diagram of a Bean Plant.  If you want to review an image, you can look up the title and description below and click on the image you want to see.  The link will take you to the page that the image is on, but you will need to browse the page for the specific image.

Figure 1. Beans planted in perlite. Red kidney beans have a hard seed coat.

Figure 2. The hilum. A picture of the whole bean seed showing the hilum.

Figure 3. Inside the bean. A picture of a cracked open bean seed showing the seed coat and one cotyledon. The embryo is hidden by the seed coat (top right). Magnified 12 times.

Figure 4. Two cotyledons inside the bean seed. A dry bean seed that has been cracked in half to show two cotyledons (arrows). Magnified 24 times.

Figure 5. Magnified embryo inside the bean seed. Embryo at tip of a bean seed – magnified 12 times. Each division is 1 mm. Note: unifoliate leaves (star); root (radicle) (two stars) and hilum (arrow).

Figure 6. Scanning electron microscope view of the macroslereids. A section through the dry seed coat of a red kidney bean showing the elongated macrosclereids (star). Think of the macrosclereids as a sort of porous concrete. Photo taken with a scanning electron microscope.

Figure 7. Hilum and bean seed coat. Bean hilum (star) and swollen seed coat. Magnified 24 times.

Figure 8. Bean seed coat expansion. The seed coat (arrow) expands and then continues to adhere to the cotyledons as it grows. Magnified 12 times.

Figure 9. Parts of the embryo inside the bean seed. The embryo consists of unifoliate leaves (arrow) and the root (two stars). Note: the cotyledons (star) are still attached below the unifoliate leaves. Magnified 12 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 10. Close-up of embryo and bean seed coat. Another view of the parts of the embryo within the seed coat. Magnified 12 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 11. Radical emerging from the bean seed. The radical (star) emerging from a red kidney bean seed. Image: E.T. Paparozzi.

Figure 12. Beginning germination of bean seeds. Red kidney bean seeds beginning to germinate. Image: M. E. Conley

Figure 13. Lateral roots of a red kedney bean. Lateral roots (arrow) beginning to form off the radicle. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 14. Stained cross section of the radicle. Cross-section (transverse) through the radicle showing the origination of a lateral root (arrow) from the radicle. Stained with Toluidine Blue O. Magnified 36 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 15. Two unifoliate leaves inside the bean seed. Inside the seed, surrounded by one of the cotyledons, a first view of the two unifoliate leaves (arrow) greening up and expanding. Magnified 12 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 16. Lateral roots, cotyledons, and unifoliate leaves. The lateral roots (white arrow) are growing from the radicle. The emerging cotyledons (yellow arrow) with the unifoliate leaves (blue arrow) are peeking out. Image: E. T. Paparozzi

Figure 17. Trichomes on the unifoliate leaves. A closer look at the unifoliate leaves (inside the seed coat) reveals that they are covered with shiny hair-like structures called trichomes (arrow). Magnified 7.9 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 18. Bean seed germination. Germinating bean seeds. Image: M. E. Conley.

Figure 19. Close-up of the red kidney bean cotyledons. A close-up view of red kidney bean cotyledons as they germinate. The arrow shows where the unifoliate leaves are peaking out. Image: M. E. Conley.

Figure 20. All nine seeds germinated. Seeds - all germinating at different rates. Image: M. E. Conley.

Figure 21. Unifoliate leaves growing past the cotyledons. A close-up view of The unifoliate leaves (arrow) emerging from the seed and growing up past the cotyledons (star). Image: M. E. Conley.

Figure 22. The first trifoliate leaf. Unifoliate leaves on either side of the first trifoliate leaf (arrow) at the stem apex. Magnified 7.9 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 23. Lateral roots. Magnified 7.9 times. Image: E. T. Paparozzi.

Figure 24. Expanding unifoliate leaves. The pair of expanding unifoliate leaves (white arrow) and the terminal apex (yellow arrow) of a red kidney bean plant.  Image: M. E. Conley.

Figure 25. The young bean plant. The full plant including the roots. Image: E.T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 26. The first trifoliate leaf. The apical bud becoming the first trifoliate leaf. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 27. First trifoliate leaf. The first trifoliate leaf (star), two axillary buds and a tightly folded second trifoliate leaf (arrow) on a red kidney bean plant. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 28. The expanding three leaflets of the first trifoliate leaf.The three leaflets of the first trifoliate leaf, 2 axillary buds (arrow) and the second trifoliate leaf (star). Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 29. The second trifoliate leaf. The second trifoliate leaf (arrow) starting to unfurl. The first trifoliate leaf (star) is expanding. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 30. Unifoliate leaves and first two trifoliate leaves. The unifoliate leaves (arrow) formed in the seed are still present as the first and second trifoliate leaves expand. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 31. A vining bean plant. A young third trifoliate leaf (arrow) on a vining bean plant. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 32. A compact bean plant. The arrow shows the third trifoliate leaf unfurling. Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 33.  Fourth trifoliate leaf. The fourth trifoliate leaf unfurls (arrow). Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.

Figure 34. Fifth trifoliate leaf. The buds at the terminal of the stem will swell and produce the fifth trifoliate leaf, the new terminal, and flowers.  Image: E. T. Paparozzi and M. E. Conley.