Electroporation

The final transformation method to be discussed is electroporation. Just as mentioned with transferring plasmids into bacteria, this method uses a quick pulse of electricity to open tiny pores in the walls of plant cells. If DNA is mixed in a solution with the cells, the DNA molecules are small enough to pass into the cell through these holes. As with the other methods, electroporation must disrupt the plant's cell wall and membrane without causing permanent damage to the cell.